Cult of Domesticity Essay

Wo men faced many restrictions during the 1800s based solely on their gender. The Cult of Domesticity served as a basic guide that explained the allow styluss women of this time period were expected to act. It essentially laid come out of the closet four proper characteristics women had to portray piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Many authors captured the difficulties in a chars life with having to deal with such strict expectations in their writing.These include Emily Dickinson with her poems I mat a funeral in my brain, This is my letter to the earthly concern, and These are the days when the Birds come back, Kate Chopins The Story of an time of day, and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. These pieces of literature proved womens make do to live with the pressures of the Cult of Domesticity, and society itself. Emily Dickinson herself was a very odd, secluded muliebrity and that expressed her thoughts with her poems. In I felt a funeral in my br ain, Dickinson writes And I and silence some strange race/ wrecked, solitary, present (15-16).This is a prime practice session of the solidarity that held her captive and caused her descent into madness. Her poem is a cry out for help, but macrocosm the submissive muliebrity she was alleged(a) to be, she hid away her feelings while still acting weak and inferior. A nonher example of submissiveness can be put wholeness overn from her poem This is my letter to the World. It starts polish off This is my letter to the world/ That never wrote to Me (Dickinson 1-2). She is again crying out against the iniquity that the world never wrote to her, or acknowledged her because of her sex.As a woman she was constantly in the shadow of a man and at that placefore did not matter. From These are the days when the Birds come back, Dickinson wrote Thy consecrated bread to take/ and thine immortal wine (17-18). Her allusion to the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist enforces piety. Women nece ssary to incessantly act as the handmaidens of God, to repent for the sins of Eve in the elder Testament. Religion was a big enforcer of a womans quiet way of life and acted as something to occupy their time at home with. Emily Dickinsons struggle with societys expectations is greatly sh take through her poetry.Dickinsons many poems were great in number, but creates only one part of the perspective from a woman about the Cult of Domesticity. In Kate Chopins Story of an Hour, young Mrs. Brently Mallard discovers the intelligence of her economises death. Once the shock and grief wear off, she comes to an important realization. innocent(p) Body and soul free (Chopin 2). Louise finally is free, without her husbands lift bearing down on her and out of the clutches of domesticity. She no bimestrial needs to act like the perfect wife at home, constantly taking care of the house and looking after her husbands every need.She can live for herself like she ever so wanted. There would b e no powerful will bending hers (Chopin 2), and she would no longer be the victim of submissiveness. Her husband no longer had the superior power, which all men were granted at the time of birth, to control and dictate her every transmit to the point where she was just like a small child that needed guidance and direction. But, in the end her joy is all for naught. Brently is not dead. And Mrs. Mallard, when receiving the news of his return, dies of heart disease (Chopin 2).The thought of being pushed into that submissive state of being that she had just escaped from ultimately caused her premature death. Chopins character Louise was a lot like the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper in regards to their relationship with overpowering husbands. John laughs at me of course, but one expects that in a marriage (Gilman 1). The narrator acts with submissiveness as she accepts that she is inferior to her husband, he is always right, and she is just the silly woman. She feels she must take his lead and constantly espouse because that is how society wants her to feel.Her opinion does not matter at all, and she even states instantaneously I dont like our manner a instant (Gilman 2). She detests the live, with its ugly, yellow wallpaper and barred windows, but since her husband says it is the best mail service for her she just, once again, accepts it and does not say another word on the subject. The room she would like to sleep in was prettier and airier. But John said that there was only one window and not room for two beds (Gilman 2). This not only reinforces her submissiveness, but also her purity as a woman. The narrator, though married and a mother, sleeps in a different bed from her husband.This is not to keep her gift safe anymore, but to keep from tempting him and to insure the rest she needs to recover from her anxiety. Emily Dickinson, Kate Chopin, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman were all talented writers and advocates in their own w ays for the struggles of women with the Cult of Domesticity in the 1800s. Each accomplished a way to present a light into the minds of the women who were being suffocated by the mens superiority. Emily Dickinson created poems full of solemn and even remorseful moods that mirrored depression and repression that women felt because of societys expectations.Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman created characters that not only used the same smother repression, but empowered their women by taking the men out of the equation. wholly then were their characters given a chance Louise without Brently and a small insight of freedom, and the narrators ability to finally creep along the room in peace when John faints. The Cult of Domesticity was a cause for womens repression but also their strength and growing stand to the unfairness of the preaching they were being dealt for so long.

Art of Cooking Essay

I see a passion for culinary art. My double culture, and family background was behind this tell apart . I always thought that being fractional French , half Moroccan is a great mixture , but leashting to prepare approved it to me . I remember when I used to sneak in my moms kitchen, and play with the ingredients. It was a great time where I learned how to mix, and make new dishes by improvising new combinations. For example, I involved flavors and textures that were usually never united.Or even add new colourize in my dishes that raise their beauty. I was not the only one intrigue by food. My dad a professional chef got me into the world of pastry dough, and Moroccan traditional food ex Tagine, which is primarily used to slow-cook savory stews and vegetable dishes. Because the domed or cone-shaped lid of the tagine traps steam and returns the condensed liquid to the pot. Morocco is the culinary star of North Africa it is the doorway between Europe and Africa.Much imperial a nd flip influence has been filtered, and blended into this culture. Moroccan cooking is characterized by affluent spices that combine anywhere from 10 to 100 spices. French and Moroccan cooking cuisines keep up been subject to Berber, Moorish, Arab, and European influences. Most French dishes are known for their complex, and rich flavors, we warmth bread, and wines. Most of people tried some French recipes, or food without knowing that is even French.You may find them all over the world. Ex * Crepes a very flat pancake typically stuffed with payoff or cream. * Baguette a long French bread loaf. * drinking chocolate mousse this lighter than air dessert originated in France. * Eclair a pastry stuffed with cream and topped with icing. * Creme Brulee Custard topped with hard caramel. One cannot think well, love well, and sleep well, if one has not dined well.

Field Trip

Trip under pull through Yorgos Amanatidis This is a trip report for the wind vane scientific discipline league 2009 ( vaneSci09) that to a faultk place from the 18th to the twentieth of establish 2009, in capital of Greece, Greece. Location The con cable was held at the authoritative Cosmos complex of the tail of the Hellenic b each(prenominal). Hellenic Cosmos was indeed actu in whole(a)y suitable for much(prenominal)(prenominal) an event. The place was technologic altogethery equipped, the location was easily irritateible for me, both by public transportation and by car, with adequate parking space.Although I stayed in Piraeus, I can assume that the transportation to/from the assemblage was equally belatedly for all the participants. Organization Concerning the organization and the advertisement of weaveSci09, I bring to suppose that constantlyything was strong planed and the grouping was sooner publicized. However, and this was non an objection of me al ace, around of the forrarding was due to the unusually large number of members of the Greek Parliament that lambasteed during the assemblage. shop classs, Talks, Posters I be the nett attainment Curriculum Workshop and however the set- binding hour of the UIWoSC Workshop due to my jet lag. I understand that the cardinal planthops were planned to drop water solo a a couple of(prenominal) participants, however they were real(prenominal) arouse and illustrative of the struggle to determine the boundaries of an emerging scientific area. To ordinate my opinion, I can non catch electronic ne dickensrk scholarship independent of computing machine wisdom, and I retrieve the most plausible direction is the one of information acquirement, as it is called in the U. S.I attended both(prenominal)(prenominal) talks and enjoyed most of them, although the topics of somewhat sessions diverged too much from my idea of what wind vane science should/will be, e. g. t he Cultural cross way of life and digital Technology session. I had the take a chance to talk to a hardly a(prenominal) lot well-nigh(predicate) my look and get some arouse ideas on to a greater extent than applied directions I was a minute disappointed though, that twain of the three opposite speakers in my session did not show up. Finally, a few thoughts well-nigh the Poster Session. I rig m both a(prenominal) of the invoices genuinely raise and I had the chance to talk to some of the authors.It beholdms to me, that it would be a good idea if the plug-in session was a bit to a greater extent than central in the program, since at the and of the branch twenty-four hour period most state were already exhausted. Also, it would be expert to induct some information close to the bankers bills on the electronic network pageboy of the convocation. Overall, I would say that attendance sack upSci09, was a recyclable and matter toing be, and I will try to at tend wind vaneSci conclaves once to a greater extent than in the hereafter. tissueSci09 sketch Norhidayah Azman When I stimulated the e-mail saying that I was one of the lucky recipients of the networkSci09 bursary award, I couldnt conceive my eyes. startingly, it dawned on me that I was turn uplet to attend the outset ever assembly to be run by WSRI. Then secondly, I was going to go to capital of Greece The collection ran from 18-20 jar against 2009 in the beautiful Hellenic Cosmos of the Foundation of the Hellenic World. The min me and my friends set eyes on the locale, we were truly excited. I fully fit with brothel keeper Wendy when she said in her welcoming address that the futuristic attic was reason plenty to hail in that respect for the group discussion. The metropolis centre in any case provided more than enough distractions for us delegates before and after the company.Being a freshman PhD student, I was thrilled to be overtaken to the probabil ity to mingle amongst these lustrous minds congregating in support of a uncouth goal to come across the future of the net. I as well as had the pleasure of talking to Bebo White, a openhanded personality in the solid ground of meshwork look into. He said it was much(prenominal) a good reception for a collection where nobody k at one spots what its close(predicate) Lots of prominent speakers graced the event, delivering arouse soda pop referencees that provided a good over cyclorama of the fullness and reason of weave acquirement.Sir Tim Berners-Lee, with his affable conduct, showcased his revolutionary thinking during the gap network Forum. He said that 80% of the worlds population does not ware access to the Internet, and so future technological readings must be inclusive of this Brobdingnagian populace. To help r apiece out to more masses, he suggested construct a water- found wireless router Its quite worrying to see the diametrical ways of how u na comparable soda water speakers envisage the evolution of the meshwork.Joseph Sifakis analogousns its maturity today as same to physics during the Middle Ages, while Nigel Shadbolt symbolized the sack ups issues as an elephant in the room. He excessively sprouted how do you evaluate the economic value of collective capacitance? eat avower gave an nice speech, cl proto(prenominal) outlining the ways to identify disparate fat mechanisms that explain emergent twists observed in large-scale networks. He forceful that applied science does not spell the death of distance, because from his experimental results using EverQuest, individuals inwardly a 50km radius is 22. times more equally to be friends online than compared to a 50-80km radius. The writings and bloodsheds turn overed were eye-opening as well. This is where the breadth of clear accomplishment seemed very apparent. On the same track, you could find a Computer knowledge unusedsprint followed by a Law written report which was wherefore followed by a Sociology paper. The diametrical approaches and angles towards addressing meshwork issues do spur a lot of discussion during the Q sessions, which I find very refreshing. I attended the following tracks self-assertion and distrustfulness, desolation vs. Control, Social Networks, and Government, Citizens, Law and the Web.Throughout these tracks, some of the enkindle issues include character, smooth Web, cooperative filtering, trust propagation, Net neutrality, digital identities and Bibles written in Klingon. My favourite was the wakeless panel which discussed loneliness and data retention issues. It was evoke to see how the perspectives of honor practitioners and computer scientists clash when it comes to deter excavation the roles of law in the Web. I in truth enjoyed my days in Greece. The intellectual stimulation was well complemented by the ethnical sites across Athens.I am thrilled to be a part of Web intellig ences history, and what better place to do this than in a historical city like Athens Summary Report for WebSci 09 Conference Athens, Greece 18th-20th only whent against, 2009 by Bipana Bantawa doctorial Student It was indeed very excite to attend my first-class honours degree Web Science league and I admit that I came back with composite feelings near the proceedings of the assembly. The very first workshop on meshing science syllabus turned out to be more like a pass onation session and I sincerely wish at that place could have been a better way to handle the unprecendented number of participants.Although it was mandate to submit a position paper to attend the workshop, most of the attendees get unitedly at the last minute and I believe we lost a heavy(p) probability to have an engaging debate astir(predicate) the subject. In the end I would have agreed with Jim Hendlers origin that the plan should be such that students should be able to create something sp ic-and-span and only applicable elements from diametric disciplines should be chosen for the purpose.The second workshop on the feign of the tissue was conducted on similar lines and I was eagerly flavour forward to have a discussion, which of pass did not materialise due to the structure of the room and number of participants. I certainly enjoyed most of the participants views and Steven Harnads introduction to the debate could not have been more appropriate. Nigel Shadbolts key note speech on the second day was certainly promising and encouraging to novices like my self.His emphasis on philosophy and multidisciplinarity was the set off for me of that day. The following paper session on teaching and erudition began with a presentation, which sincerely disappointed me since it gave us a brief overview of the web phenomenon in a very superficial manner without much evidence to back it up. It might be a bit too critical approximately it, that maybe I was expecting something in the buff and exciting as a strarter. However, Carl Lagozes presentation on OreChem recordd me to pertly-sprung(prenominal) methodologies that I had been looking for.The play up of the leash day and by chance the entire conference for me was Noshir contractors key note, which was perhaps the most engaging speeches of the event and it was howling(prenominal) to envision from a true(a) multidisciplinarian and I am certainly going to follow his work, which I believe I would not have effectuate so easily former(a)wise. The paper session on sociable networks was the one that was most memorable that day and I quite enjoyed Schindler and Vrandecics presentation on wikipedias new features and Halpins philosophical arguments for this methodologies.Overall, I definitely gained a lot from tending this conference by getting to meet donnishs from opposite disciplines and fellow doctoral students who had such variant views that I had to scrap my avow. I was in addition intro duced to new methodologies and theories which I will learn in detail in the spatial relation by side(p) couple of months to determine what could be important for my explore. I apprehended the renewal of participants and their effort to understand each separate although they came from in all different academic disciplines, which I imagine is not an easy matter.The opportunity to briefly introduce myself to several academics whose work I intend to follow and maybe ask for advice on different aspects on my induce idea was truly in priceless. It was my first conference as a doctoral student and I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to go in. Apart from learning more astir(predicate) the emerging issue, I feel greatly support to pursue my get explore and attend future conferences and I am looking forward to the close websci event. Thank you, again. WebSci09 Conference Attendance Report Mohamed Bishr m. emailprotected e The first WebSci conference was a very good chance for me to attend the line of descent of a new re appear corporation. The overall organization of the conference was, in fact small, and the bank note session where I was touch was very well managed. I have met several evoke pot at the conference as well I have managed to make valuable run acrosss for my research and career. The conference as an action platform proved very valuable to me. The document presented at the conference, while be diverse, managed to attract my precaution for the most part.Especially written document focusing on non-technical aspects of the web as this is an area that is a good deal under canvas. The location of the conference was ideal, and allowed me to acquire a new country and culture, which is unendingly a benefit Im look forward to from attend conferences. My attendance of the conference was supported by a generous agree from WSRI sponsors, and as a young researcher this support is warmly appreciated and I hope it wil l continue to the next few days of the WebSci conference.Overall, it was, for me, a very good opportunity to present my work and receive feedback from a multi-disciplinary audience. It is in like manner, a forum of established quite a little in their domains which I have found very stimulating. WebSci09 Trip Report Ilaria Bordino I have been very glad to be disposed(p) the opportunity to attend the initiatory Web Science Conference. We all know that in the last few years the Web has very changed the life of everybody. In particular, it has changed the way in which we communicate and collaborate, dis closing possibilities that could not be even imagined before.The Web Science interrogation Initiative is promoting a joint work of several different scientific fields, with the aim of gaining a clear comprehension of the fundamental issues that have to be addressed in set out to improve the future design and transcription of the World abundant Web. This new Science is inherentl y multidisciplinary, as it requires to take into love different aspects that actually indispensableness to apply intimacy derived from several fields, like physics, computer science and also brotherly science. The peculiar temper of this new Science has make the involution in this conference a novel and great experience for me.First of all, I had the chance of meeting the great scientists that are the founders of the Web Science Initiative. It was rightfully nice to meet concourse that have given so great a contri exception to the development of the Web and to listen to their opinions and ideas roughly the crucial issues that researchers have to take into consideration when thinking slightly the future of the Web. The presented cover were also very interesting because they spanned different topics from research areas much broader than the ones that I am utilize to see when taking part in regular(prenominal) Computer Science conferences. in that location was a lot of int eraction amidst computer scientists and friendly scientists. This is important, because the WWW does not exist without the participation of people and organizations. Significant parts of peoples lives are now pass online in numerous countries. For example, among the topics that were taken into consideration, at that place were eCommerce, Social Sciences and e-learning, e-culture, Cybercrime, tagging systems. The researchers discussed many tasks that have a critical importance for the so called online conjunction, like openness and control, privacy and trust.The conference also addressed issues concerning peoples behavior and motivation on line. Yana Breindl Ph. D Candidate Information and discourse Sciences Department Universite Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Susan Davies decision maker for the Web Science Research Initiative School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton UK April 20th, 2009 Subject WebSci09 Bursary Report To whom it may concern, The Websc i09 conference was worth participating in. From the first day on, the program was of outstanding quality.It was a unique occasion for me as a Ph. D student to listen to high-standing speakers which turned out to be quite approachable as the size of the conference was small enough to feel comfortable. The assorted panels were passing interesting and touched upon most issues associate to the World Wide Web. Coming from a cordial sciences background, I found it very stimulating to get in touch with many scholars from sundry(a) disciplines and curiously the computer sciences. At stages it was hard to discuss ones research objects in more depth.The topics make uped were very wide-ranging and the lack of common concepts and noesis closely the others disciplines turned out to be quite a challenge as conversations risked to remain somewhat superficial. However, the conference left me more positive(p) than ever that it is very necessary to favor interdisciplinary research. When pe rusing the World Wide Web, legal, political, accessible, technical and security issues need to be addressed. As the web constitutes a unique site for research, scholars from all fields need to think about how to address its many challenges.In this sense, it could have been even more interesting to organize methodological panels. Indeed, all participants would have benefited from a deeper insight into how other disciplines study the WWW. It was exceedingly rewarding to be part of such an ambitious project and I am looking forward to the next conference. Sincerely, Yana Breindl Report about WebSci09 Conference Author Lucia Ciofi It is not an easy task to write a report about a conference. A conference, unadornedly, it is not make up only of presented paper and invoices, which, at to the lowest degree, it is possible to read whenever you indirect request thanks to on-line publishing.A conference conveys something more and the spare value comes principally from sensations and e motions felt during the happening. Let me remember then, that it has been exciting to see such a gathering of many famous researchers, whose work is widely known and appreciated. Beside it has been really impressive to see the achiever of the conference among the students, as there was a huge number of them care the conference, and it is easy to reckon how the idea to wrick a web scientist is regarded as an appealing one.What instead, from my point of view, it has been difficult to comprehend during the conference, it is a unitary vision for the Web Science. This is believably due to two facts first one, Web Science is still a very young discipline and second one, its aim to follow an interdisciplinary approach it is super complex to obtain. Then it is still difficult to find out a way of its own. Probably for this reason the program seemed to be a bit fragmented and that each fragment was not fully connected to each other.Beside the lack of a common language across the mingle d disciplines involved in Web Science makes difficult to understand the point of view of researchers that come from different cultural backgrounds. However the main target of the conference was to officially declare that this discipline has moved its first steps and it is no more a project of a few people, but that it has exit a field of work shared by many different researchers and this target has been fully reached.For what concerns the choice of topics for the paper sessions, it seems that it has been paid more attention to affable aspects connected with the Web and a bit less attention has been given to infrastructural aspects, for example, only the session authorize Web of data was come to with technological developments connected with the Web, but it could have been interesting to expand this topic. again it must be difficult to find a proper difference among so many different aspects addressed by this discipline.On the other side the poster session has tried to bat the aforementioned question but it has resulted a bit confusing for the high number of posters presented and the different research areas addressed. At last it could be worthy to make a construction about how an interdisciplinary approach could be a dangerous way to follow in the training of future web scientists, because it could result in having researchers that will have a rich cultural background but that could not master any particular area in sight to conduct a proper research work as the one required nowadays.Among the papers presented, I would remember the work semantic technologies for learning and teaching in the web 2. 0 era which has reported a clear summary about which are the current positions in semantic Web field and its possible developments in the future. Beside it seems important the effort spent trying to classify the current technologies available, since there is a lot of perplexity in this area at the moment.Another work really engaging, it has been the one ent itled Class associated structure derived from coupled objects which identifies a possible model to unwrap the structure of RDF data published on the web following the joined data principles. The capability to understand such a model is really important for the implementation of new applications, as it has been important for the current web, the summary of the model of the information structure which allowed the birth of the famous Page knowledge algorithmic program. Another work worth mentioning is the one entitled Social consequence from the web From Wittgenstein To oceanrch Engines.It takes the move from an ongoing discussion about the marrow squash of the URIs. The object debated is from the point of view of the Semantic Web, the URI is a simple identifier without any meaning or it has to convey a meaning, as it is often utilise to identify different things in different situations? The author thinks that an URI has to convoy a meaning but he is not satisfied with the cu rrent approaches to solve this issue. His idea then, is to find the meaning of a URI through the meaning that the community of users gives to it, and in order to reach this purpose, he has studied the queries made to a search engine.The idea is good but it is possible to scale for all URIs this kind of approach? In the poster session I have appreciated the one entitled Towards a reference architecture for Semantic Web applications. The purpose of this work was to find common features that are present in many different semantic applications and from this analysis it has been tried to settle a common architecture, which could represent a reference to develop software product frameworks in order to aid the implementation of semantic applications, an approach that shortly is widely used for the development of common web applications.Web Science 2009 Conference Trip Report. By Shankaron Gambi, Sheffield Hallam University. The Web science conference was the first ever conference of its k ind to be held and Athens was to make it one of the most memorable. Being held in Athens Foundation of the Hellenic World the conference boasted a unique venue that represented a virtual future and helped to convey the conferences message of the webs power and its importance in our future world and everyday lives. The conference was on all sides a real success and easily met its key objectives of bridging the gap between computer science and social science.People from Psychology, Computer science, Web design, Sociology, Philosophy and other disciplines readily filled the conference rooms, each presentation focusing on a number of diverse aspects of the impact of the Web on our lives. What was most enjoyable about this was that people genuinely seemed elicit in learning about the research being carried out in different disciplines and many people like myself used the conference to help them shed light on different aspects of their own research.The key emphasize of the conference- re script on-line, really brought alive the importance of understanding the web from both a behavioural and technological perspective. Coming from a social psychological perspective I have bulky thought that together such disciplines could offer insightful answers to many research questions. I am already theorizing the coatings of my PhD which incorporate both spheres of the webs technological and social aspects. A real high spot of the conference for me was the poster session held on Wednesday evening.This was a highlight for me not only because I was presenting my own research in a poster but because of the opportunity it gave people to actively ask questions about other researchers work and learn so much more about the work being done in the very new field of web science. I also met some very interesting people who had some very original ideas and who will no doubt go onto make some very big contributions to the new field of web science. there is already talk about next years We b Sciences 2010 conference commencing.I believe that this conference will only get bigger and more popular as the years go on and perhaps may include a number of other diverse disciplines which is very exciting. I will be in my final year of my PhD then and so plan to apply to present my research there. Overall, I really enjoyed the conference. I feel that the conferences success was in its highlighting the importance and significance the web is playing in changing the way people communicate, socialize, work and broadly live. Such an emphasis showed the positive power the web can have on many peoples distant and isolating lives.In such cases I believe that the power of the web has helped many people and society as a whole to live in a more connected way and has helped dissolve the loneliness and isolation in what would be a very disconnected offline world without it 1 Web Science 2009 Report devil Halpin H. emailprotected ac. uk School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 2 Bucc leuch Place EH8 9LW Edinburgh Scotland, UK The Web Science 2009 conference was an astounding success, and I can only give the briefest highlights.In particular, I presented Edinburghs more traditional Informatics broadcast, such as our over-subscribed information retrieval course, and received very utilitarian feedback on the in vogue(p) work on Web Science curriculum. One of the most personally productive sessions for me was the workshop on Workshop on Understanding The furbish up of the Web on Scholarly Communication (UIWoSC). Stevan Harnads presentation, even over video, on the concept of the Web as sky-writing was of immense relevance to my own work, as he seems to be pursuing similar ideas but from a slightly di? erent angle.We seem to have a major theoretical disagreement, as I am ultimately interested in how collective intelligence forms in the form of a new relational theory of the self based on the ideas of Maturana and Deleuze, while he is more interested in the Web a s a form of external medium operational within a more classical Lockean or Kantian cognitive framework. I also explained the role of W3C Incubator Groups in possibly standardizing a vocabulary for open linked bibliographic databases. From the various sessions, I found the paper on On Measuring Expertise in cooperative Tagging Systems by Yeung et al. o be by to be very relevant to my previous work on collaborative tagging systems. The largest surprise I had was during the poster session, where a poster by Jeremy Smart, Jim Hendler, and others talked about how my Ph. D. advisor, Andy Clarks, philosophical analysis on the Extended Mind could be applied to the Web. I had an absolutely entrancing conversation with Jeremy Smart, and perhaps future collaboration could result. The invited talk by Noshir asseverator opened my eyes to a whole new world of statistical generative models for networks, and I explained linked open data to him in a way he really enjoyed over lunch.The highlight of the conference for me was of course my talk, in which I had the honor of having Tim Berners-Lee, Jim Hendler, and Nigel Shadbolt in the audience. The talk went well, although it was di? cult for me to get my entire Ph. D. thesis into a relatively short talk. Jim Hendler gave very excellent feedback about my sampling method and how I should make my sample more representative of the Semantic Web. Tim Berners-Lee gave me an invaluable hour or so of his time to give his feedback, and con? rmed in person a lot of the theses that I was attributing to him.Lastly, Nigel Shadbolt mentioned how his Ph. D. work was on a similar topic, work that I am now investigating. WebSci09 Trip Report Dave Karpf May 21, 2009 The WebSci09 conference proved to be an excellent experience for me in all regards. Going into the conference, I recognise it as my first opportunity to meet and interact with the international, cross-disciplinary web science community and an excellent chance to present my resea rch and gain feedback from members of the various fields represented there. I could not be happier with how everything turned out.From an early interaction on Wednesday evening with semantic web developer Lynda Hardman to several excellent conversations with students and faculty at the Oxford Internet contribute, I built the framework for what I believe will be farsightedtermproductive functional relationships. The presentation of my conference paper, why Bowl Alone When You Can Flashmob the Bowling Alley? Implications of the Mobile Web for Online-Offline Reputation Systems, was to a large and enthusiastic audience which asked several useful questions for further exploration.I am currently revising the conference paper for take with Policy and Internet, one of the conference cosponsoring journals. Keynote speeches by Tim Berners-Lee, Noshir Contractor, and Nigel Shadbolt were particularly illuminating for me, drawing together topics in network theory, the semantic web, and data mining in ways that had clear relevance to my work in political science. I also particularly appreciated Jim Hendlers enunciation during the tonic Friday night that we arent all from the same tribe. More than anything, what I took off from the conference was a clear sense of what Web Science is and what it isnt. Web Science isnt a single discipline. It is a space where those elements of the various disciplines who share an interest in the web come together and interact with each other, cross-pollinating, if you will. Those speeches, along with papers presented at the Government and jural panels, were probably the most impactful for me as a scholar. As a whole, I was extremely pleased to have attended WebSci09 and was thankful for the generous bursary support which helped make the trip possible.I am looking forward to next years conference and am already considering possible paper topics. WebSci09 Trip Report Spyros Kotoulas I have attended the first WebSci conference in Athens, G reece. In oecumenical, the conference was a happy mix of computer scientists (especially SemWeb people), sociologists, lawyers, philosophers , politicians, journalists and other disciplines that I failed to spot. I think that everybody contributed to making a really interdisciplinary conference. The opening event was attended by approx. 000 people and the rest of the conference by approx. 200 300. The conference started with a workshop on web science curricula. Researchers from various universities presented new studies that they have devised for Web Science. I think there were about 5 of purely web science curricula, and some connect ones. There was a lengthy discussion about which disciplines should be included in a web science curriculum. Some proposals, along with an argument supporting them were Humanities We need to be able to examine and construe sources on the Web.Linked data It is all about links and knowing WHAT it is that we are talking about. Social science We need s ociology to show us how the Web is changing the world. Other proposals, for which the argument was not so clear to me were philosophy, economics & business, art, homophileities. Although there was effort to throw some of these disciplines out, it did not happen. Furthermore, the curricula presented did not obligate all of these disciplines. The opening event was meant for a much broader audience. Major classical policial figures attended. As a result, the audience was approx. 1000 people.The keynotes from Tim Berners-Lee and Wendy Hall were, as anticipate a bit of general information about Web Science, mean for a general audience. They were followed by a very different keynote. The evince changed from that of a british Sir and a shuttle to than of a person from Crete and the theme from generally the Web to embedded systems J. Sifakis (Turing award laureate) gave a talk about reliability and security of embedded systems, with a bit technical content. A keynote by N. Shadbolt was also about web science in general. There several talks/keynotes about trust, security and privacy.The point was made that it is essential for the Web. Some people were advocating that this should be done through law and some by system design. These talks were generally interesting. There were in total 27 paper presentations in (mostly) 2 parallel sessions. The topics were quite diverse, covering all aforementioned disciplines. I saw presentations on privacy, linked data, user interfaces, sociology, law and more. All in all, there were quite interesting and only a few of them I could not follow. I should also note that this was not the same for the non-comp. ci participants. I have flagitious doubts that they could understand some of the more technical presentations. There was a 2,5 hours poster session. Approx 40% of the poster presenters did not show up in the conference, in the first place from the non comp. sci. fields. I was presenting a poster about MaRVIN. There was mu ch interest for it. Namely, I was kept talking for almost the entire session and I barely had time to look at other posters. Admittedly, the interest was from the Sem. Web people. Researchers from other disciplines shunned with fear from papers with very technical content. 7 papers original for presentation 16% acceptance rate 115 accepted as posters 75% acceptance rate Ordered list of participation by country (my own approximation, they have shown a tag cloud) UK There were many presentations from Southampton people US Greece Spain Netherlands All in all, it was a very educational experience and it was really great looking at how different disciplines fit together. Report During the 18th and 20th of March 2009 I had the opportunity to attend and participate as a volunteer and as a new scientist at the WEB Science Conference Society Online 2009.The experience was unique and worthwhile. I attended the most interested to me lectures and spend many hours during the poster session r eading the most of the posters of the conference. As furthest as it concerns the lectures I attended the presentations of distinguished scientists from around the world on issues that are connect to my scientific area and interests such as Socio-Psychology of the Web. As far as it concerns the posters I really was enthusiastic about the number of them and the multi-dimensionality of the issues they covered.I had the chance to keep notes useful to my scientific research, meet posters authors and have discussions about our common research interests. Additionally, as I had expressed the willingness and I been selected to be at the organizing committee, I voluntarily offered my help whenever and wherever there was a need during the preparation months and during the three days of the conference. This was another aspect of my participation to the conference and it was a very important and useful experience, an undoubtedly life experience.The conference organization phase gave me the opp ortunity to understand better and in depth many issues related to a scientific conference and science. Finally, as my research work was selected for the poster session I had the chance during the conference and especially during the poster session to present to many people and especially to people who where experienced researchers or academicians the work that had been done by me up to these days and receive back their comments. Dialogues developed about the theme and content of my poster and offered me a lot of material opinions, impressions, scientific methods, future implications) so as to improve my work in future. I end up with the conclusion that the WebScience Conference Society OnLine 2009 was very successful and as far as it concerns my case it was a great challenge and a experience I lived to the full. Helen Koutsonika Report It was my great honor to attend WebSci09 in Athens, Greece in March. First of all, I would like to thank Susan Davies in the Southampton University. Without her help, as a graduate student student from China, I wouldnt be able to get the bursary and afford my travelling expense.Also, I necessity to thanks her colleague, Samantha Collins, for her reminding me of the report. I am really sorry for the late of this report. It was a get word trip. As soon as I relaxed from the discomposure in my first oversea travel, I indulged myself in enjoying the beautiful view outside the plane. The clouds above Beijing, the sea near the join Arab Emirates (where I changed my flight) and the mountains surrounding the Athens were all very impressive. And of course, the Aegean Sea It was so amazing In the four days in the Greece, I lived in a youth hotel near the Sigma Square.Although the conference was held in the Hellenic World, which located between the Piraeus and Athens, the metro was very convenience for me to go to the conference. In the wonderful conference, I met with many famous scholars such Tim Berners-Lee and Joseph Sifakis, whose topics greatly attracted my attention. From the presentations in the WWW Forum, I knew the in ardor(p) advancements in the area of the Internet research. What was more exciting was that my poster attracted the interest of many scholars. By responding to the comments and explained my research to them, I help them understand more deeply the situation in China.As I have just accepted a PhD admission from the Hong Kong City University, where I am supposed to continue my research on internet and its impact on society, I think such an wonderful experience of attending an international conference will make me more sure of the topics that I should devote my time on. As I mentioned in my bursary-application letter this fancy travel will undoubtedly be an unforgettable memory of me, a future scholar at the age of 24, he got his first side of meat paper published and at the same time, it was the first time he went abroad to see another world.Wu Lingfei School of Journalism and Communicatio n, Peking University Jun. 12, 2009 theme ON WEB SCIENCE 2009 CONFERENCE SOCIETY ON-LINE 18-20 March 2009, Athens, Greece Date 18 March 2009 The conference starting with two half-day workshops randomness Web Science Curriculum Workshop (WSCW2) chair by Dr. Catherine Pope, and Workshop on Understanding The Impact of the Web on Scholarly Communication (UIWoSC) chair by Dr. Leslie Carr. The opening ceremony officiated by H. E. President of the Hellenic Republic, Dr. K. Papoulias. Welcome addresses were given by 3 other important persons including Prof. Dame Wendy Hall.Primary keynotes had been given by Prof. Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Prof. J. Sifakis. Prof. Sir Tim Berners-Lee gave talked about the concept of Web Science by comparing it with human neuron in mind. WWW design could be redesigned to replicate the neurons in human mind. Social Networks for human should be nurtured and encouraged from all over the world where web could be used for much of benefits especially for humanity. T he second keynotes speaker talked about system design in software engineering. Date 19 March 2009 The first keynote given by Prof. Nigel Shadbolt emphasized on refining our insight about the Web Science.He talked about the dynamic of Web Science where it is for orbiculate used each in computer science or other domains, such as sociology, law etc, by avoiding the two culture syndrome. The collaborative between all domains could enhance creativity, engineering and science which will generate new instauration and development, because collaborative innovations came from collective intelligents. The conference followed with paper sessions, and I attended the Trust and Distrust session. First paper covered about reputation systems which explained about the set size, proxy and algorithm for the systems.Second paper was about recommendation system which recommend about topic or others with personalization. And last paper talked about the Devils long tail. Afterwards, I have attended the Legal Panel session where the discussed about data retention, law between realistic and moral/ethical and transferring data through mobile devices. The second keynote given by Jacques Bus, covered the principle of trust, 7 laws of identity and privacy including accountability, transparency, fair distribution of responsibilities, support tool and protection of personal sphere.The conference followed with panel discussion on Trust on the Web paper sessions of Tags and take care and posters session. Date 20 March 2009 Starting with paper session on Web of info, covered papers on Class association structure, social meaning on the Web, interactive information access and new features to Wikipedia. The conference continued with discussion panel on the Cultural Convergence. The third keynote given by Noshir Contractor highlighted on Social Networks, based on Generative Mechanism regarding the questions and answers of 8 issues on why do we create and sustain networks?.Followed by more pa per sessions and ended with closing ceremony. Written by Miss Zurina Muda IAM, ECS, University of Southampton April 2009 WEB SCIENCE CONFERENCE 2009 March 18-20, Athens Greece Dade Nurjanah Learning Societies Lab Electronics and Computer School University of Southampton emailprotected soton. ac. uk The Web Science describes the evolution of the web and systems on the web. The implementation of systems is not only related to technological aspect systems but also social aspect. This one page report The Web Science Conference 2009 held at Theatron, in Athens Greece, on March18-20, 2009.The conference was excellent that many researchers of many fields attended the event and many interdisciplinary papers and pages. All sessions conducted in incline and the Poster session were excellent. The parallel sessions I attended are the ones which related to my PhD research Learning and Teaching, openness versus Control, Web of Data and Life Online. The paragraphs infra briefly summarize paper s and poster presented in the Web Science Conference 2009. Teaching and Learning. Nowadays, with the popularity of web and Web 2. , learning systems has changed to open content system with evolving courseware that support lifelong learning. However, Learning is not only about content delivery. It must involve content, services and users, and considers three aspects of technological, methodological and organisational aspects. Deal with the three aspects, semantic technology has given significant value to learning systems by adding some information to content that both human and machines can understand, and also providing reasoning mechanisms which support adaptation and personalization of learning.In addition to semantic technology, social network aspects has changed the paradigm of learning provided by learning tools from adaptiveindividualized learning to personalized-collaborative learning. With this paradigm learning is not a personal process between teacher and scholar, but al so social process that each learner can learn from other learners. Collaborative Work, Knowledge Sharing and Online Community. There are many social systems that facilitate social interaction and collaborative work. One of them is Wikis that have shifted authoring paradigm to community driven knowledge development.It facilitates knowledge and content creation which is complex, immense and requires collaborative expertise. In addition, it trios to the development of online communities. However, the social webs have a problem in managing content that always evolve, thus causing complex structure and the difficulties in finding information. Semantic technologies like semantic annotation offer a solution to overcome the problem by structuring the content. We call the systems Semantic Wikis. At the other side of collaborative work, collaborative tagging provides a way for organizing and sharing knowledge.It enables user to find other research and researcher which are relevant to a part icular domain. The relevance of fields can also be found from other social technologies like Friend Of A Friend (FOAF). This network can also lead to the development of online communities. E-Commerce, e-Government, and e-Health. The web also gives impacts to daily life. Marketing including auctions, counseling, behavioral interventions, culture and governmental tasks are some works harnessing the web. Some works in the fields applied cognitive aspects to improve the result.The implementations raise issues of insurance policy and regulation, trust and distrust, security, control, and bandwidth capacity. WebScience 2009 18th 20th March, Athens Greece I had the opportunity to participate in the WebScience 2009 conference. It was a very interesting experience my first international conference. I met many people from various areas from psychology to engineering. The most interesting meeting was the WWW Forum, where I had the possibility to know Time Berners-Lee, the acquire of HTTP technology.For me, it was the first time I met a person that has changed the future of the computer science. Moreover, I had the opportunity to talk with him and I found a very kind person, open to new ideas. Apart from the WWW Forum, the conference had more interesting appointments. It started with a workshop about the definition of an academic curriculum on Web Science a head to head among different areas. Participants started an animated discussion about the possibility to develop a curriculum with psychological and sociological topics, besides informatics ones.This discussion allowed me to reflect about a point, today very popular in the community of science the relation between humanities and informatics. Just few weeks ago, I participated in another workshop, where participants move to a similar discussion. During next days, I attempted to all sessions about social network, socio-psychological aspects of the Web, Tag and Search. Some of presented papers were very interesting and gave me the possibility to understand new aspects of problems that I am studying for my personal research.In particular, there was an article about a mathematic model to represent a typical social network the authors showed how it is possible to formalize aleatory behaviours. Another one was about the measurement of users expertise in tagging based search. The last one that I want to talk about is a study to define the sense to be a member of a community, considering Facebook as an example. Another interesting meeting was the poster session. I found many interesting works related to my research area and I met authors for a comparison and an idea exchange.In conclusion, I want to give thanks to the local organization that helped me with the accommodation and various useful information during the conference. Moreover, I want to congratulate the organization for the chosen venue I discovered a lovely city that offered me a suspect stay. At the end, I want to give thanks to the W eb Science Research Initiative that gave me the possibility to attempt to this very interesting workshop. I hope to meet you soon and to participate together to future conferences. trump Regards, Teresa Onorati Phd Student University Carlos III of MadridWebSci09 Trip Report Clare Owens, emailprotected soton. ac. uk I had the privilege of attending WebSci09, thanks to a bursary provided by the conference organisers. The conference was a wonderful event, and I feel that my attendance benefited me in various ways An obvious significant point for me was the poster session, where I presented my poster on methods for re-imagining social tools in new contexts. During this session I spoke to various people from a broad range of backgrounds, including computer scientists, sociologists and a reporter from an IT news show company.Given this diversity of background, I received an equally broad range of feedback from these people, which was highly useful as was the experience of explaining m y work to noncomputer scientists. I also had the opportunity to meet and network with many people during the conference. Of particular note is the connector I formed with Lynda Hardman, head of the Interactive Information Access group at a university in Amsterdam. Lynda turns out to be carrying out research somewhat related to my own, and I hope to remain in tactual sensation with her and possibly collaborate in the future.Of course, I also attended various paper sessions, which broadened my knowledge of all things Web Science. I was particularly interested to learn of work regarding perception of extremist activity online the meaning of URIs (presented by Harry Halpin from the University of Edinburgh we continued the discussion of his paper during the coffee session afterwards) SemWeb technologies to amplify museum repositories (this paper was by Lynda) and offloading cognition onto the web. In addition to the above, I was shake up by the various keynotes, especially those giv en by Tim Berners-Lee and Nosh Contractor.Overall, the conference was awash with activity and energy, and the opportunity to meet and speak with people from such diverse backgrounds was wonderful. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the organisers for rail this event, and also the scholarship programme. Betty Purwandaris Bursary Report Web Science Conference Athens, Greece (18 20 March 2009) It was enormously great to attend the 1st Web Science Conference, because it gave a unique experience to feel the real vivacious of a new born Web Science community.The participants consisted of two different tribes. One of them was computer scientists, who traditionally gathered in the World Wide Web conferences. Another tribe consisted of social scientists, lawyers, political scientists, economists, and psychologists, who have studied the Web from non technical point of view. In this report, I write some highlights about keynote speakers, interesting papers and posters, useful co ntacts, suggestion for the second Web Science Conference, along with conclusion of lessons learnt from the conference.On the opening ceremony, Prof Dame Wendy Hall spoke about the basic idea of Web Science, addition general goal of the conference. She emphasised a crucial issue in Web Science to develop a new methodology, in order to anticipate potency social impact of the web, as well as to help us build more robust system. She said, It is not just about the technology. It is about human behavior. Later on, Prof Sir Tim Berners-Lee delivered a unparalleled speech. He mentioned two challenges in Web Science. Firstly, he mentioned the importance to rectify the mobile web to help less fortunate people in the developing world.Secondly, there was a necessity to advance the web as links of data, not just as links of web pages. The next day, Prof Nigel Shadbolt thoroughly explained the existence of Web Science as a new or old discipline. And on the last day, Dr Noshir Contractor impos ingly talked about some real data and examples in the USA, showing how social networking on the web related to communication theories. Among conference papers, David Karpfs paper (Why Bowl Alone When You Can Flashmob the Bowling Alley? ) was very fast related to my research area.It was about the impact of iPhones on a reputation system among US politicians. I have had conversation with Mr Karpf (emailprotected upenn. edu), a PhD chance in political science from the University of Pennsylvania. He gave references to Thomas Valentes and Everett Rogers papers about the diffusion of innovation. It could be used to forecast the impact of mobile web to rural people. There were also some interesting papers from the Oxford Internet Institute. However, they focused on the impact of the web on European Union countries, not to the developing world.A discussion with Prof Helen Margetts revealed that I should contact Prof Richard Heeks, from the Institute for Development Policy and soldieryage ment, University of Manchester (http//www. sed. manchester. ac. uk/idpm/staff/heeks_richard. htm). It turned out that Prof Heeks did significant research on mobile phone for development. In addition, there was a very interesting poster from the Brazilian Institute for Web Science Research. I had to keep contacting them for future cooperation. For the next Web Science Conference, it would be better if all talks are in English, in order to make all sessions being more inclusive.If there are speakers who will use different languages, it could be very useful if the information about headphones and translation service is written clearly on the conference booklet. As a conclusion, it was tremendously amazing listening to talks from various experts, getting involved in discussion with people from a mixture of disciplines having the same interests in the web, as well as building networks for future collaboration. As a new web scientist, I really hope to grow and mature with the new born We b Science community. WebSci09 Society Online ?Conference Trip Report Mark Schueler? Athens, Greece? 18th20th March 2009 I was quite fortunate to attend the first global Web Science conference, held at the Hellenic Cosmos in Athens last month. Attended by over 300 registrants and leading figures in the Web world, it provided an excellent view of current and forthcoming developments in the study of the Webs technological and social dimensions. I attended sessions on Web Science Curriculum Understanding the Impact of the Web on Scholarly Communication Trust and Distrust Legal Panel Openness vs.Control Social Networks Cultural Convergence and Digital Technology I also heard keynotes by Professor Sir Tim Berners-Lee Professor Joseph Sifakis Professor Nigel Shadbolt Professor Noshir Contractor I had the pleasure of meeting a number of people working in areas relevant to my work, including Pascal Jurgens, Shankaron Gambi, Peter Geczy, Wolf Richter, Chris Eckl, Dave Tarrant and Erik Cambria . I also met several people with key Web credentials and broad general interest, including Bebo White, Daniel Weitzner, Jim Hendler, Ian Millard, Michalis Vafopoulos, and Thanassis Tiropanis.The high point of the conference was Noshir Contractors talk, which ranged across the essence of contemporary, leading-edge developments in social uses of the Web. All taken, WebSci09 provided a broad-ranging view of all the latest in Web Science. Despite a few off-moments, the overall experience was quite productive and I look forward to attending this conference again in the future. I was able to learn more about the state of the art of Web Science. I met interesting contributors to the field, and learned more about current research and possible opportunities for collaboration. In the end, WebSci09 was quite a worthwhile experience.WebSci09 Conference Trip Report Rob Vesse April 2, 2009 1 Wednesday The Conference opened on the Wednesday evening with a series of Welcome Speeches and Keynotes by a categorization of people. Wendy Hall gave a brief but e? ective welcome and introduction to Web Science while Tim Berners-Lee gave a embed history of the Web leading up to the Semantic Web and Web Science as his Keynote. Josef Sifakis gave a keynote that contained remarkably little Web Science except for the closing few slides where he discussed the future of the Web of Things which the Semantic Web and Ubiquitous Computing may ultimately lead to. Thursday Thursday was in my opinion the best day of the Conference with several interesting paper sessions, some excellent panel sessions and the poster session. The day began with Nigel Shadbolt giving the keynote discussing Web Science as a whole before moving to the ? rst paper session Trust & Distrust. This session included an interesting paper presented by Kieron OHara on how the web can facilitate (though not create) extremism in religion 3.I then attended the Legal Panel which involved some intriguing discussions and arguments regarding the EUs proposed ISP Data Retention plans and how this might a? ect our privacy and whether it needs to come into force as law or not. Statistics regarding how little the authorities have actually used this kind of information provided food for thought about whether they could really justify it. In the afternoon I missed the keynote in order to sit in on an impromptu panel organised by Les Carr for a Skype session with Web Science get the hang students back in Southampton.The panel consisted of Nigel Shadbolt, Noshir Contractor, Helen Margetts and James Hendler answering questions posed by the Masters students about Web Science, I also spoke brie? y to the Masters students to give them my impressions of the opening Keynotes and the conference so far. Then I went on to attend the Tags & Search paper session in which I was particularly impressed by Yeung et als SPEAR algorithm for determining expertise in collaborative tagging system which can forbid most existing spam att acks on these systems 4. 1In the evenings poster session I saw several interesting posters but most notable was Heitmann et al s poster on a reference architecture for describing semantic web (SW) applications that was based upon an analysis of the structure of a wide phase of existing SW applications 2. This provides an easy way to evaluate the completeness of any SW application you build and compare it to others. 3 Friday On Friday morning I attended the Web of Data paper session which included Harry Halpins shortened version of the talk he recently gave at Southampton on Social Meaning on the Web 1.This was of particular interest to me since the issue of meaning of URIs is potentially signi? cant in my research. Afterwards there was a Panel session on Cultural Convergence and Digital Technology which I felt was a very poor session, a Greek MP gave an interesting opening speech but the other speakers were poor. Two of them were techno-phobes who primarily moaned about the impact of the web on society and the other simply wanted to talk about the digital technology in theatre work shed done which had no contact to the web.After lunch Noshir Contractor gave the keynote which was very positive about the potential of Web Science and presented a little bit of some research that he and his collaborators are already carrying out on Social Networking in Massively Multi-player Online Games which has had some surprising results. I attended the Life on-line(a) paper session in the afternoon which contained a couple of interesting papers on work being conducted by other researchers at Southampton though nothing was directly relevant to my own research. The Conference ? ished with some closing remarks by Wendy Hall followed by a long speech by the Managing Director of the Conference centre which highlighted the centres long term history of innovative web and technology use to present cultural exhibits. 4 Conclusion Overall the Conference was highly interesting with th e opportunity to talk to or hear from a wide variety of people in particular those from outside Computer Science. We have a tendency to get wrapped up in the technology and its fascinating to get a clear non-technical point of view on the web from people in other ? elds.The Conference also gave me the opportunity to get to know more of the people from Southampton who are involved with Web Science and gain a broader view of the ? eld as a whole. 2 References 1 Harry Halpin. Social meaning on the web From wittgenstein to search engines. In WebSci09 Society On-Line, 2009. 2 Benjamin Heitmann, Conor Hayes, and Eyal Oren. Towards a reference architecture for applications leverage semantic web technologies. In WebSci09 Society On-Line, 2009. 3 Kieron OHara and David Stevens. The devils long tail Religious moderation and extremism on the web.In WebSci09 Society On-Line, 2009. 4 Ching Man Au Yeung, Michael Noll, Nicholas Gibbins, Christoph Meinel, and Nigel Shadbolt. On measuring expertise in collaborative tagging systems. In WebSci09 Society On-Line, 2009. 3 WebSci09 Trip Report Patricia Victor The call for papers of this new conference immediately aroused my interest, since some of the main topics were about trust, social networking and e-commerce precisely what Im working on. When reading the CFP again, I also noticed that it was not going to be a typical AI/CS conference like I was used to, but something completely di? rent, with people coming from all kinds of research areas. I only had to look at the program of the session in which I was presenting to see that this was the case indeed the other two speakers had a background in sociology and political sciences (and I think the largest part of the public too). This was certainly an interesting opportunity to listen and learn from researchers in an area I was not familiar with, but it also brought along some di? culties for me adapting myself to the writing style and the way of presenting sociology-related talks w as not that easy.The same holds for the organization of the session personally, I dont see the bene? t of postponing questions till after all talks have ? nished, then letting people ask all the questions at once, and only then allowing to address all of them (Im more in favor of asking one question, then answering that question, then proceeding with the next one, etc. ) But apart from that, the talks in my session were really interesting and refreshing, and I learned some new things that I de? nitely have to check out (Yelp, MoveOn, and the Smart Mobs book for instance).Of course there were also other sessions that I looked forward to. For instance the Tags and Search session, a topic related to what Im doing and which always contains exciting new work. Furthermore, to my pleasant surprise, a lot of the keynotes/talks were about trust, in all its shapes. In particular, Paul Spirakis talk was very interesting because he discussed several ways to measure trust, something Im working o n myself. Through these talks I came across a lot of new pointers, and from Kai Rannenberg I learned that you can do a lot while sitting on the toilet1 .Furthermore, I really enjoyed the WWW forum (except the long welcome notes in Greek) I already had the opportunity once to hear Sir Tim Berners-Lee speaking, but this time he really captured my attention for the whole period of the speech not at all technical, but an agreable talk about the genesis of the Web and its future consequences. Finally, overall, attending WebSci was a completely new experience for me, Ive met a lot of interesting and nice people, the conference was well-organized, the food was delicious, and Athens was beautiful, and the weather too well, at least most of the time2 . The 2I Japanese Networked Washlet try to forget the fact that I arrived boozer wet at the Theatron the ? rst evening 1 CONFERENCE TRIP enunciate WebSci09 Society On-Line March 18 11, 2009 At Athens, Greece By Huan WANG Nanyang expert Uni versity To my understanding, this is the first international conference specifically called for web scientists from different disciplines all over the w

The Appendicular Skeleton

The clavicle is a long b unrivaled, but it has no medullary cavity. The clavicle supports the scapula and arms, it protects chummyer structures (blood vessels, for example) in the upper chest, and it transmits impact from the arms to the axile skeleton. The scapula is attached to the thorax and vertebral column by muscles. The pectoralis girdles attach the upper extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for many a nonher(prenominal) muscles that move the upper limbs. The 2 pectoral girdles and the associated muscles year your get ups.The pectoral girdles be very flexible and allow the upper limbs a great buy of flexibility. They permit movement in many directions at the shoulder joint. The socket of the shoulder joint is small, shallow, and poorly reinforced with ligaments. This arrangement is good for flexibility, but it is not very unchanging. Shoulder dislocations are therefore fairly common. The UPPER LIMBS (extremities) (FIGS. 8. 4-8. 8) c omprise of 60 bones 30 bones per limb. These are the bones of the arms, wrists, and hands.They imply the HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, and PHALANGES. The PELVIC GIRDLE (hip girdle) (FIGS. 8. 9-8. 11 & TABLE 8. 1) attaches the lower extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton, and it supports and protects the nonrational organs of the pelvic cavity. The pelvic girdle is a strong and stable support for the lower limbs. While the shoulder girdle moves somewhat freely and allows the arms a great deal of mobility, the pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments of the body.Its sockets, which articulate with the thigh bones, are deep and cup-like and are heavily reinforced with ligaments. Even though both the shoulder and hip joints are ball-and-socket joints, the thigh cannot move in its socket with the same detail of freedom as the arm can in the shoulder joint. tractableness in the hip joint is sacrificed for stability. The pelvic girdle consists of the 2 HIPBONES (coxal bones). from each one hipbone of a newborn baby consists of 3 bones the professionalILIUM, the inferior and anterior PUBIS, and the inferior and posterior ISCHIUM. Eventually these fuse into one COMPOSITE bone.The area where they all fuse is called the ACETABULUM, which serves as the socket for the femur. The PUBIS of the hipbones image anteriorly at the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS. The hipbones articulate posteriorly with the sacrum at the SACROILIAC JOINT. The 2 hipbones, with the sacrum and coccyx, form the basin-like structure called the PELVIS. The LOWER LIMBS (extremities) consists of 60 bones (FIG. 8. 12-8. 17) 30 bones per limb. These embarrass the FEMUR (thighbone), PATELLA (kneecap), FIBULA & TIBIA (lower leg), TARSALS (anklebones and heel bones), METATARSALS (feet), and PHALANGES (toes).

Asignment

No marks will be awarded for the inherent assignment if any part of it is found to be pied today from printed materials or from a nonher student. 2. All submissions should be made on or before the due involvement. 3. Any late submissions after the deadline will not be entertained. 4. Zero (O) mark will be awarded for late submission, unless rationalize circumstances be upheld. Scenario Computer everywhere Computers are everywhere. Watching television. private road a car, use a credit card, even ordering devalued food all involve computers, not to mention browsing the network on your personal computer.Your car computer is an embedded computer that washbasin be ascribed a special-purpose, because it only accepts input and performs limited functions. Your personal computer, on the other hand, Is general-purpose, meaning It accepts a wide range of input and dismiss perform a variety of projects. For one day, make a listen of each computer you en turn overer (be careful not to limit yourself upright to the computers you see). How is the computer used? Is the computer special-purpose or general-purpose? Why? How was the task the computer performs accomplished before computers? Write a detail stem your finding.The Assessment This assignment will contribute 50% towards the module marks, as mentioned In the student Assessment & Information sheet. This assignment will be evaluated ground on the following criteria. Marks will be awarded base on Criteria Weight In Package taking into custody Demonstrating a upright knowledge and understanding of the scenario study in I OFF 25 Research and Analysis Discussion and compend of the process that takes place based on the scenario given. Critical thinking and Applicability This includes analysis and evaluation of facts followed by results of evaluation.Displayed recount of critical appraisal. Documentation and Referencing A proper documentation and references, adhering to the academic writing format as required by the university. 20 guideline for Structure of document Prepare a document describing your analysis with allow diagrams, the report should be fully researched and referenced. Document the results of your work in a professional and systematic manner. Your completed documentation should meet the following requirements 1 . Table of contents for every detailed section. 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 4. Sections . consequence 6.Appendices if necessary 7. References submission requirements 1 . Your report must be typed using wordinesss with Times New Roman font size 12, with 1. 5 spaces. expect length is 3,000 words and you need to include a word count at the end of the report. 2. The report has to be well presented and should be typed. Submission of report that is unprofessional in its outlook (dirty, disorganized, inconsistent look, varying color in paper and size) will not fare well when marks are allocated. 3. The report should have a one (1) margin all around the page as illus trated below 4.Every report must have a forward cover. A transparent plastic sheet can be placed in front of the report to protect the front cover. The front cover should have the following details- a) Name c) Subject. D) Project Title. E) determine Assigned (the date the report was handed out). F) Date Completed (the date the report is due to be handed in). 5. All information, figures and diagrams obtained from external sources must be referenced using the Harvard referencing system accordingly. Assignment marking criteria indication (75%+) Demonstrated comprehensive research with detailed read.High take aim of analysis performed, exceptional and thorough knowledge and understanding displayed with regard to the application. This includes analysis and evaluation of facts followed by results of evaluation. Documentation presented in a professional manner, following proper sequencing and flow. Displayed evidence of critical appraisal. Credit (65-74%) Adequate research conducted with fair detail of evidence presented. Moderate level of understanding, analysis and knowledge displayed. Some level of relevance included in terms of application.Moderate level of analysis and evaluation of facts followed by results comparison. Good level of documentation presented. Some level of rebuke was unadorned in the documentation. Moderate level of critical appraisal. Pass (50-64%) Low level research conducted. Some evidence of research displayed. Basic level of understanding and knowledge analysis displayed. Satisfactory level of documentation. No evaluation and analysis of facts, no results comparison performed Satisfactory or low level of reflection displayed. No level of critical appraisal demonstrated.

How does Stevenson present the conflict between good and evil in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’? Essay

Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella by Robert Louis St scourson set in Victorian London and indite in 1886. It can be verbalize that Stevenson took beliefs directly from his own experiences when creating the plot, as universey aspects of the novella can be comp atomic number 18d directly to his life. Stevenson grew up in Edinburgh, which had the same dramatic contrast surrounded by the rich and the poor sides as the London in which Jekyll and Hyde is set and it is clear that he was influenced by the things he saw when waiver ab step to the fore his each day life the cleave among wealth and poerty.The idea of the unhappily conflicted soulfulnessality of Jekyll could easily be based upon himself-importance the young Stevenson aspired to give way a writer and this trans mapion was looked down on by society as writers were disclosen as hint immoral and hedonistic lifestyles. His parents certainly disapproved of his choice and wanted him to pursue a to a greater extent res pect fitting career. Stevenson decided to take a law degree, nevertheless did non stop writing, in that respectby creating for himself a double life.The genre of the password is gothic horror and could likewise be say to begin ele score soldiersts of attainment fiction. One clear influence would be Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, indite in 1818. This, homogeneous Jekyll and Hyde, has themes of the worrying developments in recognition and compromising faith as well as controversial comments on society. A nonher ancestor of inspiration is the 1859 book by Charles Darwin Origin of the Species in which Darwin looks in infrastanding at the ideas of evolution. This book was particularly hazeing since it projected that distributively(prenominal) homosexual benesss were at a term animals, which were believed to non have souls. Such an bug outrageous statement clearly contradicted the views of the ghost alike majority.The period in which Jekyll and Hyde was written is important because of the rigid morals held by intimately community in Victorian England. There were clear divides surrounded by classes, where the rich and the poor were considered as almost complete different races. This meant that there was a great deal of hypocrisy respected unmarried men were oft periods encouraged to meet with prostitutes but the women themselves were considered as disgustingly immoral. masses had prejudices against allbody who looked strange or different, strongly adhering to the idea of physiognomy that a psyches somebodyality could be defined by their appearance. This was also a time where many new breakthroughs were cosmos made in science and people were beginning to worry slightly the moral side of what was creation done, and vexationing that scientists were attempting to concern themselves with divine matters. This meant that scientists were much non very(prenominal) well belief of.The main theme in Jekyll and Hyde is the divide of good and wretched and the dichotomy of man variety. This was particularly relevant in the society of the time as several(prenominal) causas were beginning to emerge that had appeared respectable members of society and turned out to be less than perfect. The most famous example of this is Jack the Ripper, who was believed to be a surgeon or at least have diminutive anatomic kat onceledge. Other examples are Burke and Hare, twain infamous men who change stolen bodies and then victims that they themselves had get rid ofed to be used in medical research. This was super disturbing, particularly since their main client Dr Knox must have known that the bodies they were receiving did not come from moral sources. another(prenominal) example in the society of the time was Deacon Brodie, a respected cabinet maker who was also a skilled burglar.Jekyll and Hyde tells the story of wealthy doctor Henry Jekyll, whose ideas that a gentlemans gentleman being had two good and curse inside them led him to attempting to divide up a persons personality. His experiment geted, however not entirely as he would have wanted, as he had managed to take a shit and physically transform into a personification of his own malignance who he dubbed Edward Hyde.He soon discovered that the heedless lack of morals and certifiedness of Hyde were highly addictive and he rig himself going almost under the guise of his other self and committing atrocities. Eventually he projectd that he was being rapidly taken over by Hyde and was unable to moderate him up. He was also running out of the drug that enabled him to transform grit into Jekyll, and he discovered to his horror that he could not recreate the outset mixture. He wrote an account of what had happened to his friend, Gabriel Utterson, and then committed suicide to kill both himself and Hyde.The different fragments of the plot fit together seamlessly, and at times this appears a little too coincidental such as a letter to Utter son being found upon the murdered Danvers Carew and Utterson so easily being able to find out that Jekyll and Hyde had such similar handwriting through his shop clerk Guest.Instead of employ Jekyll as the storyteller, Stevenson uses an embedded narrative by having Utterson as the main fibber. This means that we see the story from the perspective of somebody who is not directly involved and and so means that the demoer does not see the full truth until the end when everything is explained from the viewpoint of the doctor Lanyon and then Jekyll himself. This adds realness to the story, as each narrator is a totally different cite. For example, Lanyons description of events is much more factual and Jekylls uses intelligent metaphors and detailed imagery. The narrative is achronological, meaning that the story is not portrayed in chronological order. Rather, we experience the tale with Utterson first, and then are make full in on events that happened previously by Lanyon, and finally told all that had happened by Jekyll, starting from foresightful before we were first introduced into the plot. This means that we are almost plunged into the narrative in media res as we start off from the middle of the story.While Lanyon and Jekyll wee us clear first person accounts, Utterson is depict in the tercet person, and this helps us to understand the flaws of his personality and therefore understand him more. It gives us a less biased perspective as we are enabled to make up our own opinions as well as learning Uttersons views on what is happening. Stevenson wants us to trust Utterson as a person so that we get out trust his judgment, giving him a dull and controlled personality so that his perceptions testament appear more likely and take on us to making treacherously conclusions so that the actual outcome of the tale is a complete shock to us as well as to Utterson. His narrative makes the story more believable than if we had been told everything directl y by Jekyll and also builds up tension and whodunit as the lawyer goes out of his way to piece together the nettle his friend is in as well as the profile of the convoluted Mr. Hyde.The character that the upstanding novella is circled around is Dr Henry Jekyll, who is first presented to us as a wealthy man of good taste. A pocket-size doubt to his character is put forward as he is describe as something of a slyish cast perhaps but then insist that he was every mark of capacity and agreeableness. Since Utterson had already suggested to us that Jekyll is in some kind of nark, we are more likely to feel non- gabardine for him. This is further increased by Jekylls sheer terror when Utterson mentions Hyde. He therefore appears as a f cablely weak person who is being manipulated by Hyde.We learn a lot more about him when we read his first person account. Jekylls flaws become more obvious and we realise that he is not as he genuinely appeared. His language shows us that he is p erfectly intelligent and insightful, and idealistic enough to believe that his reckless experiments could change mankind for the better. He does appear fairly weak in character, as he clearly enjoyed the new feelings that being Hyde allowed him. He says that he felt young, lighter, happier in body within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current disordered sensual images running like a mill race in my fancy, a solution out of the bonds of obligation, and unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul.Clearly, he found it refreshing to be able to take the body of a younger and fitter man, particularly one who was not governed by moral boundaries. He continued to take the potion even though he knew that his new self was purely evil until he could not stop, which shows that he was acting for himself now instead of continuing his research. He keeps himself free from guilt by not accepting any responsibility for Hydes crimes, insisting it was Hyde, afterwards all, and Hyde al one, that was guilty. Therefore, he completely disassociates his other half from himself. He appeared to feel remorse for the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, but then decided that it was wholly Hydes fault and all that he had to do was use this as an excuse for no long-term neat Hyde, which shows him to be a hypocrite.But he also becomes distanced from his archetype self, referring to Jekyll in the first person and seeing the visage of the doctor as just as much of a mask as worthy Hyde, raging about the two halves of himself as equals despite Hyde being completely malignant while Jekyll was a composite. This would mean that evil was the greatest force and he had inadvertently moved toward the worse as he feared after the first transformation. He actually considers staying as Hyde for the rest of his life when oblige to make a choice, but decides that he prefers to be Jekyll, well-liked and a man of reputation. Despite being taken over almost entirely by Hyde, Jekyll still has th e saturation to end his own life and thereby cleaning Hyde.Jekyll speaks in a respectful manner when addressing others, but we do not really learn much about him before the first person account. Here, it is clear that he is a man of excellent schooling and with a wide imagination. His language is flowing and descriptive, using metaphors such as the Babylonian finger on the wall and analysing ideas in psychology that were beyond his time, in fact also beyond Stevensons.To the reader, Jekyll represents the average man. He is curious and ambitious, and often feels conflicted from the strains of his life. He is tempted by pleasure, and makes the wrong decisions due to this. Also, he appears as sort of proud and egotistical, thinking that his tending(p) tricks can keep him out of trouble and that he is completely safe. This leads him to his own downfall.Hyde is the physical embodiment of the evil element of mankind. He is utterly immoral and feels absolutely no regret for any of the dissolute crimes he commits, in fact he is delighted by them. For example when he kills Danvers Carew, he mauled the unresisting body, tasting delight from every blow. His appearance is very important as everybody who meets him instantly dislikes him although they do not quite know how. He is described as pale and little he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation. Jekyll supposes that Hydes small tiptop is due to him only being a part of a whole the personification of one aspect of Jekylls character.The immediate hatred he provokes when he comes into contacts with others shows how he has an aura of profligacy that can be sensed even when there is no reason to dislike him. For example, when Lanyon met him for the first time knowing nothing about him, he says that he too was filled with the same irrational hatred, telling Utterson that he was surprised by the odd, immanent disturbance caused by his neighbourhood. In fact, the only person not repulsed by H yde is Jekyll himself, whose first response to his other half was a leap of welcome, although in time he grows to truly dislike him.Hyde does not care about anybody, but he clearly cares about his own welfare as he takes measures to protect himself from capture after committing crimes, and is afraid of death. This is clear when Jekyll says that Hyde commits jury-rigged suicide by returning to Jekylls body and safety. Hyde does not hate Jekyll in himself, but hates being imprisoned inside him and that Jekyll has the strength to henhouse him and destroy him. He cannot hurt Jekyll without hurting himself, so resorts to showing his curse of Jekyll by playing childish spiteful tricks on him.Jekyll describes Hyde as ape-like and troglodytic, suggesting that he is not only inhuman but pre-human. This takes ideas from the theory of evolution by Darwin, and could mean that Hyde is a step clog in evolution and therefore fuelled by inborn instincts rather than carefully considered thought . His emotions are very extreme he is filled with a mixture of rage, joy and fear. He tends to act on impulse by striking out when he is fierce without any thought of the consequences. This idea of Hyde being more of a skirt chaser than a human being also plays with the ideas of religious Victorians that animals did not have souls and would not go to heaven.Hyde converses with others with a cold sarcastic politeness, speaking politely enough unless angered. He is not initially rude when forced into a conversation with Utterson, but may have recognised him as a friend of Jekyll who it would not be wise to draw attention from. His annoying flares very easily, and he can do anything when this happens. He is in a furious mood when Jekyll lets him takes control again, and this leads to his beleaguer on Danvers Carew. When he is caught in public without his potion, he strikes a woman in the face for attempting to talk with him, and is close to assaulting the driver of a cab taking hi m to safety. He uses precipitously plosives such as blasted by a prodigy and using short sentences which gives the impression of faster and more violent speech.Gabriel Utterson is the first character introduced to the reader. He is described as being slow in sentiment, lean, long, dusty, dreary, and withal somehow lovable, which makes him sound to be a very uninteresting person but adds a positive adjective so that he isnt perceived as having a bad personality. Stevenson introduces him first to add naive realism to the impossible plot and to get the reader to push through their trust in him as a person, not just as a narrator.He is reserved and doesnt like to get involved, proven when he said I let my brother go to the devil his own way. However, this original philosophy is reverted when he is told about Hyde and realises that his close friend Jekyll must be in trouble. Utterson ends up being the one most involved in Jekylls problems, actively seeking out Hyde and looking for ans wers. He does not like to gossip, and agrees with Enfield that speaking less about things is a good idea. Utterson appears to think that reputation is of great importance and he barely changes his stiff map even during emergencies such as Carews death.Utterson appears to be well-liked and trustable in general, as both Jekyll and Lanyon regard him as a good friend and it is said that hosts loved to detain the dry lawyer. Utterson does not make friends easily, but his affections, like ivy, were the growth of time he makes friends for life. This shows with how he worries about Jekyll.The effect Hyde has on such a boring man is remarkable, as Utterson is filled with fear and curiosity despite not having even met the man yet. He begins to sanction from lack of sleep as he ponders his friends predicament, picture Hyde as some kind of demon with a terrible post over Jekyll. This shows that even though Utterson is not a very visionary man, he is conjuring up images of this unknown mons ter which frighten him. He fronts to be a brave man when searching for and then set about Hyde, especially as he begins to learn what the man is capable of, which proves him to be quite a selfless person when it comes to helping his friends despite what he had originally said about keeping out of other peoples business.Dr Hastie Lanyon is a mutual friend of Jekyll and Utterson, and his help is required by Hyde in order to transform back into Jekyll when he transforms in regents Park without his potion. The shock of seeing the depraved Hyde physically becoming his friend Jekyll causes Lanyon to become very ill and he dies soon after. Lanyon is described as a hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentle-man the first time he is shown to the reader, but by the time of his death he had become pale his manikin had fallen away he was visibly balder and older which shows the cause of discovering Jekylls secret.Lanyon is a doctor of empirical science and clearly disapproves of Jekylls wild ideas. He claims that Jekyll began to go wrong, wrong in mind and calls his work unscientific balderdash. This implies that Jekyll had told Lanyon some of his ideas, and the disagreement over this had separated the two friends. Hyde taunts Lanyon about this when about to take the potion to turn back into Jekyll, saying you have denied the right of transcendental medicine, you who have derided your superiors. Despite Hyde playing on the rift between them, Jekyll still greatly respects Lanyon and apparently the reaction of his friend moved(p) him a lot more than Carews murder.Just as Hyde represents evil in the story, Lanyon represents good. He is jovial, kind, and although he had a grudge against Jekyll due to the queer experiments he is carrying out, it seems likely that he would in due course clear him. He does still consider Jekyll his friend, despite often referring to him as insane and apparently not trusting him. The knowledge of exactly what his friend had become destroye d him completely, and he became too afraid to speak of it or even to sleep. He tells Utterson that he knows that he is dying and seems to have resigned himself to the fact, but says that he will die incredulous as the horrific scene he had witnessed defied all scientific logic that the sensible man could ever consider. He cannot cope with the impossible reality of what he has seen.Jekylls butler Poole is of a lower class than the other characters and consequently uses non-standard English. However, Stevenson contradicts the joint assumption that common servants were ignorant and foolish by making Poole, although uneducated, a fairly clever character. Poole has picked up on the problems his master is having, and has begun to try and work out what is going on. He has realised that Hyde is in the house in Jekylls baffle, and attempts to fence in his intuition against Uttersons wistful logic, with Poole turning out to be right. Poole turns out to be a useful character, helping bring Utterson to discover the truth.Another critique of societys views is the character Enfield, described as a well-known man about town, who is of upper class and yet appears to be not exactly perfect. Enfield tells Utterson that he was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three oclock in the morning, coolly implying that he was visiting somewhere unsuitable a popular diversion that the wealthy glossed over.Stevenson uses a great deal of language proficiencys to put crosswise the sinister tale of Jekyll and Hyde. He starts the novel with a description of the narrator Utterson and his friend Enfield, using humour when he tells the reader about the apparent incompatibility between the men and how they insisted on going on walks that uncomplete of them appeared to enjoy. This is effective because Enfields story is a good way to lead into the main tale, and we are thereby introduced to a few crucial elements of the story. For example, the back door which leads to J ekylls laboratory, although this isnt revealed until later on. It appears to ruin the appearance of the street, a blemish on an aesthetically pleasing area, drawing in violative characters such as the homeless and rowdy children.The whole idea of the two doors is a clever metaphor for the theme of good against evil, as Hyde could see through the decrepit back of the house and emerge from the front as Jekyll. Stevenson employs many similar metaphors, such as the use of physiognomy to suggest Hydes malevolence and by describing Lanyon, making him sound a kind and cheerful man. Lanyon also has a shock of hair prematurely white, the colour white carrying with it connotations of purity and strengthening his character. Hydes visage is mystic by a mask when moving around Jekylls house, symbolize Jekylls longing to keep his devil hidden away. Another technique used is the image of angry citizens crowding around the cold, sneering Hyde, each one filled with the desire to kill him Hydes u nnatural air of evil turning the normally docile women into harpies that had to be held back lest they attack him. This works well as it opposes the gender roles in society.One of the most effective tools Stevenson uses is the weather. The first instance of this is during Hydes first appearance it takes place in early morning where everywhere is eerily quiet and dark. It is also night-time when Danvers Carew is killed, this time a full moon which often symbolises unearthly happenings, although the maiden over who had witnessed the murder contradicts this idea by saying that she had never felt more at peace with the world. When Utterson takes the policeman to Hydes house in Soho, it is the first defile of the season, relevant to the previous events since this was Hydes first murder and his character was becoming worse and worse in the eye of the reader. The idea of fog creates very vivid imagery, and could be taken as a metaphor for the shrouded truth about Hyde.The mist is broken in some places by sunlight, which could symbolise the hope still left that hasnt yet been swallowed by darkness. This whole scene has been personified the fog almost appearing like a creature battling with the wind that was aggressively attempting to drive it away. This scene is suitably occult Utterson describes it as a district of some city in a nightmare. This pathetic fallacy is subverted when Jekyll is in Regents Park and transforms into Hyde it was a blissful, sunny day with all the frost having melted away and good-natured with Spring odours. This does not seem like a setting for any villainy, but this is where Hyde appears again, which shows that evil can now happen in dishy places.The pace of the story depends upon who is telling it, but it is generally slow paced. However, this changes during scenes of action, which builds up tension. The sentences are complex during descriptions, often in a few split with colons or semi-colons to break them up, but during faster scene s this changes into short sentences with alliteration and plosives and ordinarily more dialogue. This builds the pace of the text and engages the reader.Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has very universal themes of the good and evil elements of every human being, which means that it just as relevant directly as it was when it was written, even if the points put across are less controversial. Stevenson deals with theories of subconscious mind thought, seen when Jekyll becomes Hyde in his sleep which would suggest that humans are more mentally conscious when asleep, an idea which still hasnt been completely worked out today. This was very advanced as nobody had yet begun to develop these ideas, until 1901 when Freud published a thesis on the unconscious mind.It is clear in the story that Jekyll apace grows to hate his creation, but is unable to give it up. This can easily be seen as analogous to modern addictions such as drugs and alcohol, which can seem wonderful in the beginning and then quickly take over your life as Hyde did until it seems impossible to stop. The same patterns can be traced between the feelings from substance abuse and Jekylls addiction to the feelings and emotions he felt being Hyde, which shows that this is still very relevant in todays society. like Jekyll, modern scientists are being criticized for their research, such as cloning and work into genetics. Some people argue that they are meddling with Gods work, and even those who are not religious may say that this kind of research is immoral and wrong, or that it could lead to problems like diseases if our whole natural system is changed artificially. Even if this does not happen, sometimes human beings can go too far with what they think is right. The thirst for success can often blind people to what they actually want to achieve, for example a scientist works on perfecting human cloning may be purely work for the glory of the discovery rather than improving the world by his findings. This is human arrogance, which was Jekylls weakness.I think that the message in Jekyll and Hyde is that although evil dwells course within everybody, it can be dominate and that we all have the strength to overcome it. Jekylls pride caused his inner demons to take on a life of their own in Hyde, and although it cost him his own life, Jekylls morals and conscience were the victor in the end. Stevenson was trying to put forward the idea that humans are not either good or evil, nor are we sane or insane, but we are all the same to being with, built up of different emotions, thoughts and feeling which can lead us one way or another depending on our upbringing, choices, experiences and actions. So although everybody has a potential for evil, they also have a potential for good, and power to overcome evil.